If a child has back pain it is very unlikely that it is due to scoliosis. If the deformity is very severe, breathing problems or heart problems may develop - this is fortunately rare. For example, persistent back pain may develop and it can affect your general fitness and your overall quality of life. If scoliosis is not treated and becomes severe, it can cause problems later in life. If the scoliosis is in the lower back (lumbar) region, it can make the pelvis thrust forward on one side and one leg may appear to be shorter than the other.Also, one shoulder may hang lower than the other and one shoulder blade may be higher than the other. If the scoliosis is in the chest (thoracic) region, the ribs and shoulder blade stick out like a bulge on one side of the back.This pulls any attached muscles, ligaments and ribs around with them. This is because when the spine curves sideways, as the curve becomes more severe, the small bones (vertebrae) that make up the spine also twist around. If scoliosis becomes more severe then it can become more disfiguring. Scoliosis can cause mild pain and imbalance of the muscles. Parents and others are less likely then to see a naked back (spine) and see the problem. This is often because the condition usually develops during adolescence when children often become more self-conscious. Sometimes a mild-to-moderate scoliosis can develop without being noticed by the child or their parent/s. Scoliosis is usually noticeable on bending down. In most cases the onset of the scoliosis is gradual and painless. However, about 1 out of every 4 people affected with scoliosis have one or more other family members with the same condition. Idiopathic scoliosis is not a straightforward hereditary condition. However, moderate or severe scoliosis is more common in girls. Mild scoliosis affects about the same number of boys and girls. About 1 in 40 children have some degree of scoliosis. This is usually between the ages of 10-12 years for girls and 11-16 years for boys. It most commonly develops during the growth spurt of puberty and early adolescence. It is not due to poor posture and you cannot prevent it starting. Idiopathic scoliosis can develop at any stage in childhood. The rest of this leaflet is about the most common type - idiopathic scoliosis.
Around 1 in every 10 people with scoliosis have had it since birth. This means the spine has not formed properly while the person was a baby developing in the womb. This means as a result of a bone abnormality. In around 1 out of every 10 people with scoliosis it is due to a neuromuscular problem. Each of these conditions has other symptoms and problems in addition to a scoliosis. For example, it may happen in some people with muscular dystrophy, polio, cerebral palsy, or neurofibromatosis. This means the curve is caused by a condition which affects muscles or nerves of the back.
For more than 8 out of every 10 people with scoliosis the cause is idiopathic. In these cases, the curve is fixed and doesn't go away when the person changes position. The curve is usually mild and it changes or goes away when the person bends sideways or forwards. In this type, the back (spine) is structurally normal, but looks curved because of another condition such as having one leg that is significantly longer than the other or muscle spasm in the back muscles. Non-structural scoliosis (functional or postural scoliosis) There are several different types of scoliosis and the causes of each are different: This is covered in the separate leaflets on those specific subjects - follow links in red. The treatment usually depends on the underlying cause. 'Thinning' of the bones ( osteoporosis) of the spine, if it has caused one or more of the bones in the spine to flatten (called a wedge fracture).In adults, kyphosis can be caused by various conditions affecting the spine, including: The cause of Scheuermann's disease is unknown. Adolescent kyphosis, also known as Scheuermann's disease, is caused by the wedging together in a row of several bones (vertebrae) of the back (spine). Kyphosis can occur at any age, although it is rare at birth. This is different to a scoliosis which isn't noticeable from the side. An abnormal, more pronounced front-to-back curve is called a kyphosis. If you look at someone from the side, normally there are three slight front-to-back curves in the spine - one in the neck, one in the chest section and one in the lower back. What is the difference between scoliosis and kyphosis?
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